CHARACTER

8 bits = 1 byte
One byte represents one character such as A, 7, 9 and +.Eight bits that are
grouped together as a unit. A byte provides enough different combinations
of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual characters.

Introduction Of Binary Coding

ASCII (kep. "American Standard Code for Information Interchange", BM: "Kod Piawai Amerika untuk Pertukaran Maklumat") adalah satu format yang lazim digunakan untuk fail teks dalam komputer dan internet. Kod ASCII telah dibangunkan oleh American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Dalam fail yang menggunakan kod ASCII, setiap aksara (angka, abjad dan simbol khas) diwakili oleh sejumlah 7 bit nombor perduaan yang terdiri daripada rentetan tujuh '0' atau '1'. Ia melibatkan sejumlah 128 aksara biasa dengan tambahan 128 aksara lanjutan.

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Saya telah mengesahkan cadangan yang telah diberikan oleh Setiausaha Kewangan berkenaan dengan piawaian yang perlu diwujudkan semasa merakam Kod Piawai untuk kegunaan Perkongsian maklumat di atas pita magnetik dan pita kertas semasa digunakan di atas komputer. Semua komputer atau peralatan yang mempunyai konfigurasi yang hampir serupa yang di bawa masuk ke dalam senarai peralatan kerajaan Federal pada dan selepas 1 Julai 1969 hendaklah mempunyai kemampuan untuk menggunakan Kod Piawai untuk kegunaan Perkongsian maklumat dan format piawai untuk pita magnetik dan pita kertas jika bahan ini akan digunakan.

byte

Bait merujuk kepada unit data yang terdiri daripada 8 bit yang digunakan secara meluas oleh kebanyakan komputer peribadi. Bait mewakili aksara seperti huruf abjad, nombor dan simbol tipografi.
Huruf "B" digunakan dalam singkatan kepada bait. (bit menggunakan singkatan "b".) seperti kB = Kilobait. Cakera keras berkapasiti 40GB secara mudahnya bermaksud cakera keras berkenaan mampu menyimpan sehingga 40 ribu juta (billion) bait atau Gigabait data.
Bait didarabkan berasaskan kuasa 2 dan dalam sebutan biasa, angka perpuluhannya dibulatkan. Sebagai contoh, 1 Gigabait disebut sebagai 1 ribu juta bait walaupun angka sebenarnya ialah 1,073,741,824 bait.
Sebagai panduan:

• 1 aksara = 8 bit = 1 bait
• 1024 bait = 1 Kilobait - KB (ribu) = 1,024 bait
• 1024 Kilobait = 1 Megabait - MB (juta) = 1,048,576 bait
• 1024 Megabait = 1 Gigabait - GB (billion) = 1,073,741,824 bait
• 1024 Gigabait = 1 Terabait - TB (trillion) = 1,099,511,627,776 bait
• 1024 Terabait = 1 Petabait - PB (juta Gigabait) = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bait
• 1024 Petabait = 1 Exabait - EB (juta Terabait) = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bait
• 1024 Exabait = 1 Zettabait - ZB (juta Petabait)
• 1024 Zettabait = 1 Yottabait - YB (juta Exabait)      

Kuantiti bait
Awalan SI		Kegunaan sejarah		Awalan perduaan
Simbol (nama)	Nilai	Simbol	Nilai	Simbol (nama)	Nilai
kB (kilobait)	10001 = 103	KB	10241 = 210	KiB (kibibait)	210
MB (megabait)	10002 = 106	MB	10242 = 220	MiB (mebibait)	220
GB (gigabait)	10003 = 109	GB	10243 = 230	GiB (gibibait)	230
TB (terabait)	10004 = 1012	TB	10244 = 240	TiB (tebibait)	240
PB (petabait)	10005 = 1015	PB	10245 = 250	PiB (pebibait)	250
EB (eksabait)	10006 = 1018	EB	10246 = 260	EiB (eksbibait)	260
ZB (zetabait)	10007 = 1021	ZB	10247 = 270	ZiB (zebibait)	270
YB (yotabait)	10008 = 1024	YB	10248 = 280	YiB (yobibait)	280

Unit Warisan
Unit	Nilai
KB	210 Bait = 1024 Bait
MB	220 Bait = 1024 KB
GB	230 Bait = 1024 MB
TB	240 Bait = 1024 GB

WHAT IS BIT?

 Bit adalah gabungan perkataan binari dan digit yang membawa maksud digitperduaan, dan boleh mengambil nilai 0 atau 1. Sebagai contoh, nombor 10010111 adalah sepanjang 8 bit. Digit perduaan merupakan unit asas storanmaklumat dan komunikasi dalam bidang pengkomputan dan teori maklumatdigital. Teori maklumat juga menggunakan digit tabii yang dipanggil nat (ataunit). Pengkomputan kuantum pula menggunakan qubit, satu cebisan maklumat dengan kebarangkalian benar.

Bit juga merupakan unit ukuran, muatan maklumat satu digit perduaan. Simbolnya ialah bit, dan juga b (tidak rasmi). Unit ini juga dikenali sebagaishannon, dengan simbol Sh.

Form4:1.1.2.2 State the differences between computerized and non- computerized systems LESSON 4 COMPUTERISED AND NON-COMPUTERISED SYSTEMS

Form4:1.1.2.2 State the differences between computerized and non- computerized systems LESSON 4 COMPUTERISED AND NON-COMPUTERISED SYSTEMS

COMPUTER SYSTEM


A system is an arrangement of elements that when it is put together it becomes an organised and established procedure. A system typically consists of components connected together in order to facilitate the flow of information, matter or energy.


A computer system consists of a set of hardware and software which processes data in a meaningful way.


EDUCATION
• education is the science of teaching and learning of specific skills
• it also imparts knowledge, good judgement and wisdom


BANKING SYSTEM


BANKING BEFORE ICT
• banking was done manually by taking deposits directly
• transactions can only be made during working hours
• takes time to approve any loan applications


BANKING WITH ICT
• all transactions are done by computers
• transaction can be done at anytime and place
• online services, phone banking system, credit cards are available


INDUSTRY


INDUSTRY BEFORE ICT
Production was slow because everything was done manually and totally depended on human labour.


INDUSTRY WITH ICT
Computers and telecommunications industry became very opular and profitable since production can be increased through an all day operation.


COMMERCE


Commerce is an activity of exchanging, buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place.


COMMERCE BEFORE ICT
• Trading was made using the barter system and it was then later developed
into currency.
• Advertisement was in the form of word of mouth, billboards and printed
flyers.
• Trading globally was extremely slow, late and expensive. Traders had to find
ways to market local products in the global market.


COMMERCE WITH ICT
E-commerce plays an important role in the economic scene. It includes distribution, buying, selling and servicing products that are done electronically.

Usage Of ICT In Every Day Life

Usage Of ICT In Every Day Life

 

EDUCATION

Today, most schools and higher educational institutions have computers in the classroom for teacher and students. In education, teachers, students, researchers and school administrators benefits from the usage of ICT.

1. Teachers use computers to research for teaching materials, participate in online forums and online conferences as well as to aid their teaching.

2. Students use the computers as a reference tool. They use computers to browse the Internet to look for information.

3. School administrators use computers for administrative purposes to make sure that the entire operation runs smoothly.

BANKING

The computer is the nerve centre of the banking system around the world. It functions to control the entire banking system that also includes 'Electronic Banking Services'. Electronic banking provides 24 hour services. The services include :

• Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

• Cheque Deposit

• Electronic Fund Tranfer

• Direct Deposit

• Pay by phone system

• Personal computer banking/ internet banking

In the banking sector, customers, businessman and bank administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.

1. Customers can make any transactions at the 24 hour service centres or via online.These services allow them to do transaction at anytime they want.

2. Businessmen can save their time by using the online services offered by banks. They can access company accounts for loan applications, business transactions and update on their cash flow at any time.

3. Bank administrators can oversee the entire banking activities such as reconciliations, inter-branch transactions (IBT), telegraphic

transfer and others by referring to the banking system.

INDUSTRY

Computers are used to facilitate production planning and control systems, to support chain management and to help in product design in the industrial sector In the industrial sector ,workers, researchers and administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.

1. Workers use machines that are connected to computers to operate. In some productions, robots are used to take over jobs that are dangerous to the workers.

2. Researchers use computers to analyze and collect research data for future reference.

3. Administrators use computers to oversee the entire operations in the plant or factory to detect specific errors or defects that occurred in the process.

E-COMMERCE

E-commerce helps in boosting the economy. It makes buying and selling activities easier, more efficient and faster. For this application, computers, Internet and shared software are needed.

In the e-commerce sector ,customers r, suppliers and employees benefits from the usage of ICT.

1. Customers use computers to be connected online with suppliers to purchase products. This method can save time and cost as they do not have to go to any outlets.

2. Suppliers use computers to keep track of their transactions. All products are bar coded and can be read by the computer scanner to help in determining prices and managing inventory.

4. Employees use computers and telephones to communicate with their customers for any enquiries. The system helps employees to get the latest updates on inventory to be informed to the customers.

OTHER SECTOR

1. Architectute
2. Arts
3. Career
4. Healthcare
5. Home

Dicatat oleh cemerlang 2014 di 08:12 1 ulasan

Evolution Of Computer

Evolution Of Computer

The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computer operate,resulting in increasing smaller. cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable device.

Dicatat oleh cemerlang 2014 di 07:23 0 ulasan